ITIN vs. SSN

An ITIN lets people who don’t qualify for an SSN file taxes. It does not give work permission, but it helps you file correctly and build a record.

Learn how to apply for an ITIN at the IRS website.

• ITIN: for those who are not eligible for an SSN.
• SSN: for authorized workers; use this if you have one.

Documents you may need

• W‑2s (employees) and/or 1099s (independent contractors).
• Proof of dependents (birth certificates, school or medical records).
• Business income/expense records if self‑employed (invoices, receipts, bank statements).
• Last year’s tax return, if available.

Credits that can help

These credits can reduce your tax or increase your refund. Check rules carefully:

• Child Tax Credit (CTC) — see IRS guidance.
• Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) — check eligibility and income limits.
• Education credits — if you or a dependent attended college.

Why filing matters for immigration

Tax returns can show continuous presence, financial stability, and good moral character — helpful for future immigration processes.

Small business owners

Track income and expenses all year. Keep receipts and separate business and personal accounts to make filing easier and more accurate.

Helpful links

• ITIN: https://www.irs.gov/individuals/individual-taxpayer-identification-number
• EITC: https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/individuals/earned-income-tax-credit-eitc
• CTC: https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/individuals/child-tax-credit

Example

José, who runs a small landscaping business, filed his taxes with an ITIN. Later, when applying for a green card through his wife, his tax records helped prove consistent income and good moral character.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Missing the tax filing deadline
• Forgetting to report all income (including cash jobs)
• Not renewing your ITIN before filing
• Failing to keep copies of past tax returns and receipts
• Claiming credits you are not eligible for

FAQs — Taxes for Immigrants